Quartz resonator



A ril 2,1968 G. VASIN ETAL QUARTZ RESONATOR Filed Aug. 21, 1964 F/GJ United States Patent 3,376,439 QUARTZ RESONATOR Ivan Grigorjevich Vasin, Olkhovskaja Ulits'a 47, Apt. 9, and Petr Grigorjevich Pozdnjakov, Otkrytoe Chausee 3, Korpus I, Apt. 26, both of Moscow, U.S.S.R.

Filed Aug. 21, 1964, Ser. No. 391,268 3 Claims. (Cl. 310-95) This invention relates to frequency stabilizing devices in high-frequency oscillators, and more particularly to quartz resonators with piezoelements performing torsional vibrations.

Quartz resonators with frequencies slightly dependent upon temperatures and having piezoelements performing torsional vibrations are known in the art. A quartz resonator, for example, with a piezoelement in the shape of a bar having square or rectangular cut, is known. A longitudinal side of the bar is parallel to the X-axis of a crystal, while its ends form an angle of about +35 with the optical Z-axis of the crystal.

The frequency-temperature curve of resonators of this type has a parabolic shape, the curve peak being in the temperature range of 40-60 C. The resonator has sulficient activity and the peak position of the temperature curve is favorable for cases when said resonator is operating in above zero temperature region or in a thermostat.

By changing the crystal width-t-o-thickness ratio, it is possible to alter the position of the temperature curve within small range, this being used, for example, in the case when the peak position of the temperature curve is to coincide with the thermostatic control temperature.

Disadvantages of said devices lie in the limited possibilities of changing the said ratio and in the fact that the temperature curve peak cannot be shifted into the region below 20-25 C.

In most cases, however, it is necessary to shift the temperature curve peak outside the temperature range of 0 C. and 70 C.

Attempts to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages with the cut of the piezoelement of about 35 have yielded no satisfactory results.

We have eliminated the disadvantages of the known quartz devices; the proposed improvements have been brought to practical realization and the improved resonators can be manufactured on a broad industrial scale.

Proposed here is a quartz resonator with a piezoelement performing torsional vibrations and having a higher activity as compared to the similar resonators already known.

It is an object of this invention to create a quartz resonator in the shape of a bar having square or nearly square cut, the above-mentioned disadvantages being eliminated therefrom.

Another object of this invention is provide a quartz resonator whose temperature curve peak can be regulated Within a broad range.

Still another object of this invention is to reduce the raw material consumption for manufacturing quartz resonators and to increase the strength and resistance of the piezoelement to different mechanical elfects.

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows the orientation of the piezoelement according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows an arrangement for exciting torsional vibrations in the quartz bar;

FIG. 3 shows a method of fixing the piezoelement.

The present invention relates to quartz resonators with piezoelements performing torsional vibrations, said resonators having a higher activity of torsional vibrations and a broad range of regulating the temperature curve peak position as compared to those already known, with a cut of Y 1/i35. High oscillating activity is secured by orienting the bar in such a way that its ends form angles from 40 to 50 with the Y- and Z-axes of the crystal. At the same time the longitudinal side of the bar coincides with the Z-axis.

When orienting piezoelement 1, as shown in FIG. 1, electric field components, exciting torsional vibrations, will be of maximum value, the elfectiveness of excitation of torsional deformations and the resulting oscillating activity being thus increased.

The frequency-temperature ratio is quadratic, and the temperature curve peak occurs Within the temperature range of 1520 C. for the square-cut bar.

Width-to-thickness ratio being slightly changed (from 1.2 to 0.85), the peak of the temperature curve can alter its position within broad range (from -30 to C.), which is a great advantage of the proposed cut. To excite torsional vibrations, four electrodes of alternate polarity applied to the longitudinal sides of the bar, can be used (FIGS. 2 and 3).

Fixing and switching-in of the piezoelement is carried out by means of four rigid conductors 3 soldered to geometric centers of the longitudinal electroded sides 2, as shown in FIG. 3.

The proposed quartz resonator may be used for stabilizing frequencies in oscillators within a frequency range of 25-130 kc./s., whereas when harmonic oscillations are being stabilized a frequency range may be widened to 300-400 kc./s.

The present invention provides for regulation of the peak position of the temperature curve within a broad range and also increases the oscillatory system efficiency.

Described here is a preferable embodiment of the invention. However modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

These modifications and variations are considered to be within the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A quartz resonator comprising a piezoelement adapted for undergoing torsional vibrations, said piezoelement being in the shape of an elongated rod having a rectangular section, said piezoelement being oriented such that the longitudinal length of the said piezoelement is arranged along the electric X-axis of a crystal, while the lateral sides of the piezoelement form angles of between 40 and 50 with the optical Z-axis and the mechanical Y-axis of the crystal; four electrodes mounted on the longitudinal sides of the piezoelement, said electrodes being formed by electroconductive coatings, and conduc tors connected with the said electrodes for energizing the same.

2. A quartz resonator as claimed in claim 1 in which 3 the said electrodes arranged on opposite sides are interconnected with" each other. 3. A quartz resonator as claimed in claim 1 in which said conductors are connected with the electrodes at the geometrical centers of the longitudinal sides.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,032,706 5/1962 Wieder 310--9.5 2,444,590

Marrison 3109.5 Meissner 310--9.5 Meskimin 310-95 Nicholides 310-9.7

FOREIGN PATENTS Germany.

MILTON O. HIRSHFIELD, Primary Examiner.

7/1948 Bokeny 310-95 10 I. D. MILLER, Examiner. 

1. A QUARTZ RESONATOR COMPRISING A PIEZOELEMENT ADAPTED FOR UNDERGOING TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS, SAID PIEZOELEMENT BEING IN THE SHAPE OF AN ELONGATED ROD HAVING A RECTANGULAR SECTION, SAID PIEZOELEMENT BEING ORIENTED SUCH THAT THE LONGITUDINAL LENGTH OF THE SAID PIEZOELEMENT IS ARRANGED ALONG THE ELECTRIC X-AXIS OF A CRYSTAL, WHILE THE LATERAL SIDES OF THE PIEZOELEMENT FORM ANGLES OF BETWEEN 40 AND 50* WITH THE OPTICAL Z-AXIS AND THE MECHANICAL Y-AXIS OF THE CRYSTAL; FOUR ELECTRODES MOUNTED ON THE LONGITUDINAL SIDES OF THE PIEZOELEMENT, SAID ELECTRODES BEING FORMED BY ELECTROCONDUCTIVE COATINGS, AND CONDUCTORS CONNECTED WITH THE SAID ELECTRODES FOR ENERGIZING THE SAME. 